Sometimes you can break a headpin or a piece of wire when repeatedly trying to get a coil just right.
Work hardening sheet metal.
The model has been used to describe the effect of tension force on the bending moment in a linear elastic work hardening sheet material.
As it moves through the rollers and is compressed the metal grains are deformed.
The breakage is not due to bad metal sheet it has just been work hardened by too much movement.
This strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements and dislocation generation within the crystal structure of the material.
Many jewelry makers have felt the effects of work hardening.
Although the first few deformations imposed on metal by such treatment weaken it its strength is increased by continued deformations.
It is both a problem for and an asset to anyone who has to repair sheet metal.
The phenomenon of work hardening is critical in the design and fabrication of sheet metal automobile panels.
Work hardening also known as strain hardening is the strengthening of a metal or polymer by plastic deformation work hardening may be desirable undesirable or inconsequential depending on the context.
Then the bending moment versus tension has been plotted.
Examples of cold rolled products include steel sheets strips bars and rods.
The answer is work hardening.
The asset is that the areas where dies have deformed sheet metal from its original flat state provide much of the necessary panel strength in body design.
Many non brittle metals with a reasonably high melting.